Imboni yezikhwama zepulasitiki ngo-Jan. 30 yembule ukuzibophezela kokuzithandela ekuthuthukiseni okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezikhwameni zokuthenga kube kumaphesenti angu-20 ngo-2025 njengengxenye yohlelo olubanzi lokusimama.

Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, iqembu eliyinhloko lemboni yase-US liziqamba kabusha njenge-American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance futhi liqinisa ukwesekwa kwemfundo yabathengi futhi libeka umgomo wokuthi amaphesenti angama-95 ezikhwama zepulasitiki ziphinde zisetshenziswe noma zigaywe kabusha ngo-2025.

Lo mkhankaso uza njengoba abenzi bezikhwama zepulasitiki bebhekane nengcindezi enkulu yezepolitiki - isibalo sezifundazwe ezinezivivinyo noma imikhawulo yezikhwama ezafakwa ngonyaka odlule zisuka kwezimbili ngoJanuwari zaya kweziyisishiyagalombili lapho kuphela unyaka.

Izikhulu zemboni zithe uhlelo lwabo aluyona impendulo eqondile ekuvinjweni kombuso, kodwa bayayivuma imibuzo yomphakathi ebanxusa ukuthi benze okwengeziwe.

"Lokhu kube yingxoxo embonini okwesikhashana manje ukuze ubeke imigomo ethile yokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha," kusho uMatt Seaholm, umqondisi omkhulu we-ARPBA, eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-American Progressive Bag Alliance, kusho u-Matt Seaholm, umqondisi omkhulu we-ARPBA.“Lokhu yithina esibeka unyawo oluhle phambili.Uyazi, izikhathi eziningi abantu bazothola umbuzo, 'Hhayi-ke, nenzani nina njengemboni?'”

Ukuzibophezela okuvela ku-ARPBA ezinze e-Washington kufaka ukukhuphuka kancane kancane kusukela kumaphesenti angu-10 okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ngo-2021 nokukhuphukela kumaphesenti angu-15 ngo-2023. U-Seaholm ucabanga ukuthi imboni izokweqa lezo zinhloso.

"Ngicabanga ukuthi kuphephile ukucabanga, ikakhulukazi ngemizamo eqhubekayo evela kubathengisi becela okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ukuze kube yingxenye yezikhwama, ngicabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe sizozinqoba lezi zinombolo," kusho u-Seaholm."Sesivele saba nezingxoxo nabathengisi abathanda lokhu ngempela, abathanda umqondo wokukhangisa okuqukethwe kabusha ezikhwameni zabo njengengxenye yokuzibophezela ekuqhubekeni phambili."

Amaleveli wokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha afana ncamashi nanjengoba bekubizwe ehlobo eledlule yiqembu elithi Recycle More Bags, umfelandawonye wohulumeni, izinkampani namaqembu ezemvelo.

Lelo qembu, nokho, lalifuna amazinga agunyazwe ohulumeni, lithi izibopho zokuzithandela “ziyimbangela yoshintsho lwangempela.”

 

U-Seaholm uthe abenzi bezikhwama zepulasitiki bayakuphikisa ukuthi izibopho zibhalwe emthethweni, kodwa ukhombise ukuguquguquka okuthile uma uhulumeni efuna ukudinga okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha.

“Uma izwe linquma ukuthi lifuna ukudinga okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha okungamaphesenti angu-10 noma okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha okungamaphesenti angu-20, ngeke kube yinto esilwa nayo,” kusho u-Seaholm, “kodwa ngeke kube into esiyikhuthazayo futhi.

“Uma izwe lifuna ukukwenza, siyajabula ukuba naleyo ngxoxo … ngoba senza into efanayo esikhuluma ngayo lapha, futhi lokho kugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kokuphela kwalokho okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha.Futhi lokho kuyingxenye enkulu yokuzibophezela kwethu, ukukhuthaza izimakethe zokugcina,” kusho yena.

Ileveli yokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha engamaphesenti angu-20 yezikhwama zepulasitiki iphinde ibe yilokho okunconyelwe ukuvinjelwa kwezikhwama okuyimodeli noma imithetho yezinkokhelo yiqembu lezemvelo i-Surfrider Foundation kukhithi yamathuluzi eyenzelwe izishoshovu, kusho u-Jennie Romer, ozakwabo wezomthetho ku-Plastic Pollution Initiative yesisekelo.

USurfrider, nokho, ufuna kugunyazwe i-post-consumer resin ezikhwameni, njengoba iCalifornia yenza emthethweni wayo wezikhwama zepulasitiki wango-2016 owabeka izinga elingamaphesenti angama-20 lokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezivunyelwe ngaphansi komthetho wayo, kusho uRomer.Lokho kukhuphukele kumaphesenti angama-40 okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha kulo nyaka e-California.

U-Seaholm uthe uhlelo lwe-ARPBA alucacisi ukusebenzisa ipulasitiki yabathengi, ephikisana nokuthi ipulasitiki yangemuva kwezimboni nayo muhle.Futhi akulona ngempela uhlelo oluqondile lokugaywa kabusha kwesikhwama esikhwameni - inhlaka egaywe kabusha ingavela kwenye ifilimu njengokugoqa kwepallet, esho.

“Asiwuboni umehluko omkhulu noma ngabe uthatha i-post-consumer noma i-post-industrial.Noma iyiphi indlela ugcina izinto zingangeni endaweni yokulahla udoti,” kusho uSeaholm.“Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu.”

Uthe okwamanje okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezikhwameni zepulasitiki kungaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-10.

U-Seaholm uthe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemfuneko yokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha okungamaphesenti angama-20, kungenzeka ukuthi izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwezikhwama zepulasitiki zase-US kuzofanele lenyuke.

Izibalo ze-US Environmental Protection Agency zithi amaphesenti angu-12.7 ezikhwama zepulasitiki, amasaka kanye nama-wraps asetshenziswe kabusha ngo-2016, izibalo zonyaka odlule ziyatholakala.

"Ukuze sifike enombolweni yokugcina, ukuze sifinyelele kumaphesenti angama-20 okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha ezweni lonke, yebo, sidinga ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono wezinhlelo zokubuyisela esitolo, futhi ekugcineni, uma i-curbside ifika ku-inthanethi," esho."Kunoma ikuphi, [kudingeka] siqoqe i-polyethylene yefilimu yepulasitiki ukuze siyisebenzise kabusha."

Nokho zikhona izinselele.Umbiko wangoJulayi ovela ku-American Chemistry Council, ngokwesibonelo, uphawule ukwehla okucijile okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20 ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwefilimu yepulasitiki ngo-2017, njengoba iChina yandisa imingcele ekuthengisweni kwemfucuza.

USeaholm uthe imboni yezikhwama ayifuni ukuthi izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwempahla lehle, kodwa uvumile ukuthi kuyinselelo ngoba ukugaywa kabusha kwezikhwama kuncike kakhulu ekutheni abathengi bathathe izikhwama bagcine izindawo zokushiya.Izinhlelo eziningi zokugaywa kabusha eziseceleni komgwaqo azizamukeli izikhwama ngenxa yokuthi zigaxa imishini ezindaweni zokuhlunga, nakuba zikhona izinhlelo zokuhlola zokuzama ukuxazulula leyo nkinga.

Uhlelo lwe-ARPBA luhlanganisa ukufundisa abathengi, imizamo yokwandisa izinhlelo zokubuyisela esitolo kanye nokuzibophezela ekusebenzeni nabathengisi ukuze kufakwe ulimi olucacile kubathengi mayelana nendlela izikhwama okufanele zigaywe kabusha ngayo.

USeaholm uthe ukhathazekile ngokuthi ukwanda kokuvinjelwa kwezikhwama ezifundazweni ezifana neNew York kungalimaza ukugaywa kabusha kwezitolo uma izitolo ziyeka ukunikeza izindawo zokulahla, futhi waveza umthetho omusha eVermont oqala kulo nyaka.

“EVermont, ngokwesibonelo, ngokwenza umthetho wabo, angazi noma izitolo zizoqhubeka nokuba nezinhlelo zokubuyisela emuva ezitolo,” usho kanje."Noma nini uma uvimbela umkhiqizo, uyawususa lowo mfudlana ukuze ugaywe kabusha."

Yize kunjalo, uzwakalise ukuzethemba ukuthi imboni izofeza izibopho.

“Sizozibophezela;sizothola indlela yokukwenza,” kusho uSeaholm."Sisacabanga, uma sicabanga ukuthi ingxenye yezwe ayivele inqume ukuvala izikhwama zepulasitiki njengoba kwenza uVermont, sizokwazi ukushaya lezi zinombolo."

Uhlelo lwe-ARPBA luphinde lubeke umgomo wokuthi amaphesenti angama-95 ezikhwama azophinde asetshenziswe kabusha noma aphinde asetshenziswe ngo-2025. Lilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 ezikhwama zepulasitiki okwamanje ziyagaywa kabusha noma ziphinde zisetshenziswe.

Isekela leso sibalo ezinombolweni ezimbili: izinga le-EPA elingamaphesenti ayi-12-13 lokugaywa kabusha kwezikhwama, kanye nesilinganiso esenziwe yisiphathimandla sokugaywa kabusha sesifundazwe saseQuebec sokuthi amaphesenti angama-77-78 ezikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki aphinde asetshenziswe, ngokuvamile njengamalayini kadoti.

Ukuthola izikhwama ezingamaphesenti angama-90 manje ziye kumaphesenti angama-95 kungaba yinselele, kusho uSeaholm.

“Lona wumgomo okungeke kube lula ukuwufinyelela ngoba udinga ukuthenga umthengi,” usho kanje.“Imfundo izobaluleka.Kuzofanele siqhubeke nokuphusha ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi abantu bayakuqonda ukubuyisela izikhwama zabo esitolo.”

Izikhulu zemboni zibona uhlelo lwazo njengokuzinikela okubalulekile.USihlalo we-ARPBA, uGary Alstott, ophinde abe yisikhulu enkampanini eyenza izikhwama i-Novolex, uthe imboni itshale imali eningi ekwakheni ingqalasizinda yokuvuselela izikhwama zepulasitiki.

"Amalungu ethu manje asebenzisa kabusha amakhulu ezigidi zamaphawundi ezikhwama namafilimu epulasitiki unyaka ngamunye, futhi ngamunye wethu wenza eminye imizamo eminingi yokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama okuqhubekayo," esho esitatimendeni.